Traditionally the weft thread is inserted by a shuttle. Every time the harness (the heddles) moves up or down, an opening ( shed) is made between the threads of warp, through which the pick is inserted. Where a complex design is required, the healds are raised by harness cords attached to a Jacquard machine. In the case of small patterns the movement of the heddles is controlled by 'cams' which move up the heddles by means of a frame called a harness in larger patterns the heddles are controlled by a dobby mechanism, where the healds are raised according to pegs inserted into a revolving drum. The warp threads are separated by the heddles into two or more groups, each controlled and automatically drawn up and down by the motion of the heddles. Each thread or group of threads of the warp passes through an opening (eye) in a heddle. The threads of the warp extend in parallel order from the warp-beam to the front of the loom where they are attached to the cloth-roll. The warp-beam is a wooden or metal cylinder on the back of the loom on which the warp is delivered. The principal parts of a loom are the frame, the warp-beam or weavers beam, the cloth-roll (apron bar), the heddles, and their mounting, the reed. The tertiary motions of the loom are the stop motions: to stop the loom in the event of a thread break. Take up motion: takes up the woven fabric in a regulated manner so that the density of filling is maintained.Let off motion: where the warp is let off the warp beam at a regulated speed to make the filling even and of the required design.The secondary motions of the loom are the: Repeating these actions forms a fabric mesh but without beating-up, the final distance between the adjacent wefts would be irregular and far too large. Then, the upper group is lowered by the loom mechanism, and the lower group is raised (shedding), allowing the shuttle to pass in the opposite direction, also in a straight motion. The warp is divided into two overlapping groups, or lines (most often adjacent threads belonging to the opposite group) that run in two planes, one above another, so the shuttle can be passed between them in a straight motion. Beating-up or battening: where the weft is pushed up against the fell of the cloth by the reed.Picking: where the weft or pick is propelled across the loom by hand, an air-jet, a rapier or a shuttle.Shedding: where the warp threads (ends) are separated by raising or lowering heald frames ( heddles) to form a clear space, referred to as the shed where the pick can pass.Weaving can be summarized as a repetition of these three actions, also called the primary motions of the loom. The warp threads are held taut and in parallel to each other, typically in a loom. ) One warp thread is called an end and one weft thread is called a pick. ( Weft is an Old English word meaning 'that which is woven' compare leave and left. In general, weaving involves using a loom to interlace two sets of threads at right angles to each other: the warp which runs longitudinally and the weft (older woof) that crosses it. Main articles: Loom and Power loom A Bangladesh Ansar officer weaving on duty.

Woven cloth can be plain or classic (in one colour or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic design.

The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill weave. The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. A fabric band that meets this definition of cloth (warp threads with a weft thread winding between) can also be made using other methods, including tablet weaving, back strap loom, or other techniques that can be done without looms. Ĭloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them.

The method in which these threads are interwoven affects the characteristics of the cloth. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft, woof, or filling. Other methods are knitting, crocheting, felting, and braiding or plaiting. Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Warp and weft in plain weaving A satin weave, common for silk, in which each warp thread floats over 16 weft threads A 3/1 twill, as used in denim For other uses, see Weaving (disambiguation).

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